Which pizza was created in 1889 to represent the national colors on the Italian flag?

Ancient cultures in antiquity produced basic flatbreads with several toppings. A precursor of pizza was probably the ‘focaccia’, a flat bread known to the Romans as ‘panis facacius (focaccia bread). The word ‘pizza’ (Italian) was first documented in 1887 in Gaeta, a city in the province of Latina in central Italy. While the pizza was typically only eaten by Italians, after WWII, Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italians foods.

An often recounted story holds that on June 11, 1889, to honor the Queen consort of Italy, Margherita of Savoy (1851-1926), the Neapolitan pizzamaker Raffaele Esposito created the “Pizza Margherita”, a pizza garnished with tomatoes, mozzarella, and basil, to represent the national colors of Italy, as on the flag of Italy, which is green, white and red. She was Queen consort of the Kingdom of Italy by marriage to Umberto I.

The other options include ‘focaccia al rosmarino’ (focaccia with rosemary), a common Italian cuisine served as an antipasto, appetizer, table bread or snack.

Schiacciata is a stuffed flat bred in Sicilian cuisine.

Galette is a term used in French cuisines to designate various types of flat round or free-form crusty cakes. In 16th-century Naples, a galette flatbread was referred to as a pizza. Known as the dish for poor people, it was sold in the street and was not considered a kitchen recipe for a long time.