Which scientist established the ROYGBIV color spectrum?

ROYGBIV or Roy G. Biv is an acronym for the sequence of hues commonly described as making up a rainbow: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.

During the Renaissance, a number of artists tried to establish a sequence of (up to 7) primary colors from which all other paint colors could be mixed, but it was Sir Isaac Newton (1642 or 43 - 1727) who first constructed a color circle and divided it into seven basic colors, in order to simplify color mixing.

In the 1660s, Newton undertook a series of experiments using sunlight and prisms. In one, he projected white light through a prism onto a wall, and asked a friend to mark the boundaries between the different hues. Newton noted that white light was made up of all the colors of the rainbow, and was the first to use the word "spectrum" for the array of colors produced by a prism.

Newton determined that there were seven main colors (which he then named), although he did not necessarily believe those were all the colors in existence. He was working with a preconceived notion that the colors of the rainbow matched the notes of the musical scale, and he decided that two of the colors, orange and indigo, corresponded to half-steps in the octatonic scale.

While the naming process may not be exactly scientifically sound today, Newton's work formed the basis for the seven-color spectrum schoolchildren are still taught. His color sequence, including the tertiary color indigo, is kept alive today by the Roy G. Biv mnemonic.