Which terms correctly identify a younger male chicken and a male chicken that has been castrated?

A rooster can also be called a cock- both are the adult male chicken. A younger male chicken may be called a cockerel. A male chicken that has been castrated is a capon. So the correct answer is cockerel and capon.

The etymology of the word rooster is described in Merrian-Webster’s dictionary originating in the mid- or late 18th century as a euphemism to avoid the sexual connotation of the original English “cock”, and is widely used throughout North America. There are numerous cultural references to roosters and cockerels in myth, folklore and religion in both language and literature.

One of the characteristics of roosters is crowing. Roosters almost always start crowing before four months of age, although it is possible for a hen to crow as well. Crowing together with hackles is one of the clearest signs of being a rooster.

Rooster crowing contests are a traditional sport in several countries, such as Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, the United States, Indonesia and Japan. The oldest contests are held with ‘longcrowers’ (long-crowing chickens), a breed characterized by the unusually long-drawn-out crow of the animal, which may in some cases last up to 60 seconds.