Which three criminal offenses are mentioned in the U.S. Constitution?

The United States Constitution specifically mentions three criminal offenses. They are:

First, Article III Section 3 of the Constitution defines the crime of treason. It states that levying war against the United States, adhering to the nation's enemies, or giving the nation's enemies aid and comfort is treason. The federal statute defining treason also holds that it is one of the few crimes for which a defendant may suffer death.

Second, the U.S. Congress is empowered under Article I Section 8 of the Constitution to define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas.

Accordingly, Congress has created a law to punish piracy. Anyone caught robbing Americans on the high seas can potentially face life in prison.

Third and last, Article I Section 8 of the Constitution also endows Congress with the ability to punish those who counterfeit "the securities and current coin of the United States". The Secret Service, along with protecting U.S. heads of state, is also charged with protecting the integrity of the nation's currency by investigating and arresting counterfeiters. Counterfeiting of U.S. currency today is almost always in paper bills, but it is no less illegal.

The U.S. Constitution only contains specific references to the three crimes just mentioned. Federal laws against other crimes such as murder and robbery are justified under the necessary and proper clause and/or the commerce clause of the Constitution.