The Battle of Castillon took place on July 17, 1453. It was a decisive victory for France, effectively ending the Hundred Years War (1337-1453) which was actually a series of wars between the House of Plantagenet, the rulers of England, against the House of Valois, the rulers of France, for the succession to the French throne.

With this battle, the English had lost all possessions in France, except for the port of Calais. Despite this crushing defeat, the final outcome as a French victory, especially with the earlier overwhelming English victories, wasn't always clear.

The Battle of Crecy (1346) saw the outnumbered English army of 14,000 defeat a French army estimated at 20,000-30,000. The massed use of English longbow men proved devastating against Genovese crossbowmen and French mounted knights.

The Battle of Poitiers (1356) again saw an outnumbered English army of 6,000 decisively defeat the French army of 11,000. The French King, Jean II, his son and much of the French nobility were captured.

Disaster struck the French army again at Agincourt (1415). An outnumbered English army of 6,000 - 9,000, defeated a French army estimated at 12,000 - 36,000. Longbow men, which formed up to 80% of the English army, rained down arrows on the advancing Knights and their horses. Thousands were killed, including numerous nobles. Thousands who had fallen prisoner, were ordered slaughtered by the English King, Henry V.

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