The series, Dekalog, was conceived by Krzysztof Piesiewicz. Piesiewicz had seen a 15th-century artwork illustrating the Ten Commandments ( a set of biblical principles relating to ethics and worship) in scenes from that time period. He at that point suggested the idea of a modern equivalent, and he persuaded Krzysztof Kieślowski to create Dekalog.

Kieślowski, a film director and screenwriter, was very interested in the philosophical challenge of making Dekalog. Also, he wanted to use the series as a portrait of the hardships of Polish society, while deliberately avoiding the political issues he had depicted in earlier film projects. Originally Kieślowski planned to hire ten different directors. But, he finally decided to direct the film series himself. Still he used a different cinematographer for each with exception of episodes III and IX, both of which used Piotr Sobociński as director of photography.

Specifically, Dekalog is Kieślowski's most acclaimed work. In the series, it has ten one-hour episodes, inspired directly by the Ten Commandments. Accordingly, each episode explores one or several moral or ethical issues faced by characters living in an austere apartment block in modern Poland.

Ultimately, Dekalog has won numerous international awards, though it was not widely released outside Europe until the late 1990s. Filmmaker Stanley Kubrick wrote an admiring foreword to the published screenplay in 1991.

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