In 1869, British inventor Montague Redgrave (July 31, 1844 – 1934) settled in the United States and manufactured bagatelle tables in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1871 Redgrave was granted U.S. Patent #115,357 for his 'Improvements in Bagatelle', another name for the spring launcher that was first introduced in 'Billard japonais'. The game also shrank in size to fit atop a bar or counter. The balls became marbles and the wickets became small metal pins. Redgrave's popularization of the spring launcher and innovations in game design are acknowledged as the birth of pinball in its modern form.

Pinball is a type of arcade game in which a player uses paddles (called flippers) to manipulate one or more balls inside a pinball machine. A pinball machine is a glass-covered cabinet containing a play field populated with lights, targets, bumpers, ramps, and various other objects depending on its design. The primary objective of the game is to score as many points as possible by hitting targets and making various shots with the flippers, before all balls 'drain' at an exit usually situated at the bottom of the play field. Most pinball games are divided into turns (referred to as 'balls', having the same meaning as 'lives' in video games). The game ends when all balls have ended.

Regarding the other options:

Whitcomb L. Judson invented a metal zipper device with locking teeth.

Samuel Fox invented the steel ribbed umbrella.

George Westinghouse invented the transformer.

More Info: en.wikipedia.org