Akhenaten (r. 1353-1336 BCE), husband of Nefertiti, was a pharaoh of Egypt of the 18th Dynasty. Akhenaten chose this name for himself after his conversion to the cult of Aten. Prior to this conversion, he was known as Amenhotep IV. In the fifth year of rule, he underwent a dramatic religious transformation, changed his devotion from the cult of Amun to that of Aten, and, for the next twelve years, became known as the `heretic king’ who abolished the traditional religious rites of Egypt and instituted the first known monotheistic state religion in the world. His reign is known as The Amarna Period because he moved the capital of Egypt from the traditional site at Thebes to the city he founded, Akhetaten, which came to be known as Amarna.

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