An independent state of Mexico was founded on 24 August 1821 after a decade-long war against the Spanish Empire. The president, officially the president of the United Mexican States, is the head of state and head of government of Mexico. With few exceptions, most of the Mexican presidents during the 19th century did not complete their terms.

Guadalupe Victoria (29 September 1786 – 21 March 1843) was a general and political leader who had fought in the War of Independence. He was a deputy in the Mexican Chamber of Deputies for Durango, a state situated in the northwest of Mexico. Victoria was also a member of the Supreme Executive Power following the downfall of the First Mexican Empire. After the adoption of the Constitution of 1824, he was elected as the first president of the United Mexican States. He took office on 10 October 1824 and served a full term until 31 March 1829.

Miguel Francisco Barragán Andrade (8 March 1789 – 1 March 1836) was president of Mexico from 28 January 1835 to 27 February 1836.

José Mariano de Salas (11 May 1797 – 24 December 1867) served briefly as interim president of Mexico on two occasions (1846 and 1859).

José Joaquín de Herrera (23 February 1792 – 10 February 1854) was the second president to finish his term. He served as president of Mexico three times. The third term was from 3 June 1848 until 15 January 1851, when he peacefully turned over the presidency to the winner of the Federal Elections of 1850, General Mariano Arista.

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