Queen Elizabeth I was the ruler of England when the Spanish Armada sailed in 1588. When it sailed, its task was to overthrow protestant England. The Spanish Armada was a Spanish fleet of 130 ships. Its strategic aim was to overthrow Queen Elizabeth I and her Tudor establishment of Protestantism in England. King Philip II of Spain had expectation that his Armada would put a stop to English interference in the Spanish Netherlands and to the harm caused to Spanish interests by English and Dutch privateering. The Spanish Armada was unsuccessful mostly due to storms and grave logistical problems.

The Spanish expedition was the largest engagement of the undeclared Anglo Spanish War of 1585–1604. In 1589, England organised a similar large scale campaign against Spain, the Drake Norris Expedition or "Counter Armada of 1589", which was also unsuccessful. It had serious economic consequences for England and saw the loss of many English lives and ships.

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